Agroha remained an important center of commerce and political activities till the period of Firoz Shah Tughlaq as the city of Agroha was situated on the ancient trade route between Taxila and Mathura. Traditionally, the site of Agroha is associated with legendry king Maharaja Agrasena and believed to represent the site of Agreya republic referred to in the Mahabharata. It also finds mention in the Ashtadhyayi of Panini. Agroha appears to have been mentioned by Ptolemy who calls it ‘Agara’.
The archaeological excavations at the site was conducted initially by C.J.Rodgers in the year 1888-89 and re-excavated by H.L.Srivastava of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1938-39. A hoard of silver coins including 4 Indo Greek, one punch-marked and another 51 coins of Agrodaka were reported from excavation at the site. The discovery of the coins of Agreya Janapada (Republic) during the excavations and its ancient name Agrodaka in literature are sufficient to prove it being the headquarters of a Janapada.
Recent excavations here by the Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Haryana from 1978-79 to 1980- 81 have yielded five cultural periods ranging from circa 4th century BCE to 14th century CE. Apart from the residential and community houses, made of baked and unbaked bricks, the excavations have also revealed the remains of a Buddhist stupa and a Hindu temple.
The important antiquities unearthed include copper coins of Yaudheyas, a terracotta seal bearing inscription mentioning Maharaja Mahakshatrapa Mahasenapati, a clay seal bearing a legend read as Sri Sakasa in Brahmi characters of circa 1st-2nd Cent CE, a terracotta sealing with a legend Sri Narayana Deva Prakrita in Brahmi characters of the 3rd-4th cent CE and a clay seal with legend Sri(sa) Dhuvrndasya in Brahmi characters of the 4th-5th cent CE. Apart from these, good number of Gupta terracottas, fragments of sculptures in Gurjara-Pratihara style, rings, antimony rods, beads and Bengal pieces, iron objects etc. have also been found.
In view of its historical and archaeological importance, it was declared protected as an archaeological site of national importance vide notification no. PN, 20590 dated 13.07.1926.